Data integrity issues pose such a high risk and are not always easily detectable. Data quality is a good starting point, but data integrity elevates data’s level of usefulness to an organization and … WORKS WITH ANY ANTIVIRUS. What information is mission-critical for an organization. Drug Manufacturing is an incredibly complex process, requiring sophisticated science and instrumentation at every step of production and storage. One of Data entity … Moreover, Climet recommends that sample data be directly input into the LIMS database without human intervention. We will explore these options after taking a look into the importance of data integrity for your organization. Referential integrity defines valid relationship of tables. Data integrity can be compromised through human error or, worse yet, through malicious acts. “Failure to maintain complete data”. Changed passwords, missing files, logins at strange hours, file modifications that cannot be accounted for, are all signs of a hacking. The controller is responsible for, and must be able to demonstrate, compliance with the Data Protection Principles. Potential methods a hacker might employ to get his hands on the information. This sqlnet.ora file is generated when you perform the network configuration described in Configuring Oracle Database Native Network Encryption and Data Integrity and Configuring Secure Sockets Layer Authentication.Also provided are encryption and data integrity parameters. Where encryption doesn’t work however, is if an attacker targets the user account first, compromises it, and then uses it to access the decrypted files. Figure 1: Data integrity guidance. 2. 4.1 Data integrity is applicable for both manual recording (paper) and automated system (electronic). Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Challenges with physical integrity may include electromechanical faults, design flaws, material fatigue, corrosion, power outages, natural disasters, and other special environmental hazards such as ionizing radiation, extreme temperatures, pressures and g-forces. There are many ways to maintain data integrity and completeness of data. For instance, malicious hackers can perform something called a “downgrade attack”. One of Data entity integrity example is having primary key in each table. Secondly, employees need to be vigilant, and properly identify when something is out of place. And just like gold or oil, this precious resource needs to be protected, and so data integrity has come to the forefront of every IT departments concerns. – Rec.39; Art.5(1)(d). 4.3 Completeness, consistency and accuracy of data should be ensured. Data integrity is the overall completeness, accuracy and consistency of data. FDA considers it data security and integrity violation to use the actual sample for system suitability test. Under the new EU GDPR legislation, the burden of proof falls on the organization, not on the interested party. 7 . This prevents employees with attribution in one field (such as quality assurance) to access and modify data from colleagues in unrelated fields (such as sales). Information is the lifeblood of the new, modern economy, and keeping it safe and secure from prying eyes or even technical loss, is critically important to prevent damages caused either by regulatory fines or loss of business. Leave in the comments below! In simple terms: data integrity helps us prevent inserting the wrong types of entries in our database records. The audit trail allows for the reconstruction of all the steps taken to obtain a certain result. How To Record & Save Streaming Audio On Your Device? Besides the business incentives behind stronger data integrity procedures, companies and organizations have legal pressures to worry about. What Does Data Integrity Mean? These allow the sharing of account login information, but without actually revealing the password used to access the account. Instead, a patchwork of federal and state regulations provide a legal framework. In simple terms: data integrity helps us prevent inserting the wrong types of entries in our database records. Introduction to Data Integrity. Safe storage. Here is an example of a user-defined data integrity. Primarily focuses on regulating data in financial institutions, and includes provisions that cover data protection. Ensuring physical integrity includes methods such as redundant hardware, an uninterruptible power supply, certain types of RAID arrays, radiation harde… Referring integrity refer to set a valid relationship between two table. 50+ Useful Cyber Security Online Courses You Should Explore [Updated], in-depth guide on how to install an SSL certificate, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, [Updated 2020] Hacked Email Account: What to Do If It Happens to You or Your Business, 10 Alarming Cyber Security Facts that Threaten Your Data [Updated], How to Secure a Business Network, Servers and Endpoints. Data integrity can be maintained through the use of various error-checking methods and validation procedures. If yes, we add this customer to customers table. This should include who performed an action and when. Data integrity has become part of a bigger security methodology that includes backup, replication, … Data Integrity examples and WL. Complete analysis data including notebooks, charts, graphs, spectrum and other analysis related data are FDA requirements. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This works very well in cases where there is a risk that an attacker acquires the files stored on the database (by physically stealing the server, or downloading the files by means of a cyberattack). Sure, the person who has to handle the device might complain about the usability hit, but the security advantages are worth the trade-off. Here’s what metadata looks like for a Microsoft Word document: A malicious hacker might be interested in metadata for a number of reasons: So how would a malicious hacker learn the metadata in the first place? Your email address will not be published. In simple word it uses the concept of foreign key. Ideally, an audit trail meets the following criteria: In financial transactions for instance, the bank has an audit trail that tracks when a user logged into his account, if he did a payment, how big the payment was, to whom the payment he made the payment, and so on. Some technical attacks or server malfunctions happen because the hardware itself can’t cope with the amount of information it has to process. Covers healthcare data, including best practices and obligations in maintaining the integrity of patients’ data. Almost all the data of an organization passes through the hands of employees. Poor configurations can also allow an attacker to brute-force login screens, and acquire user passwords. It flows and pushes everything in the global economy, spawning terms such as “big data”. In other words, it is now the company’s role to point out what security measure it has in place to protect customer information. It is another form of database protection. Make Your Law Firm Discoverable In The 21st Century. The data that is in servers hasn’t been altered or modified, and can still be used for its original purposes. In this example Customer and Orders are the Tables. Following are the different type of table relationship. Why Freelancers Need Project Management Tools? Let’s see another table. Personal data must be kept accurate and up to date. For example, this can be domain integrity or entity integrity. Regulators are now cracking down on organizations that aren’t capable of protecting their customers data. Under previous legislation, the organization that processed the information had to ensure that it was compliant with legislation. I think you should try this “Ashisoft Duplicate Photo Finder”, Your email address will not be published. For instance, the data sent from a customer registration form to the database containing the information for all other clients. This significantly reduces the threat of a man-in-the-middle attack, although it doesn’t remove it completely. For example, each company defines its own policies about salaries, employee numbers, inventory tracking, and so on. It is used for verifying valid data in database, data validation and entity integrity, domain integrity and referential integrity. Data integrity means valid data in tables. Here are just a few important provisions from major data legislations around the world. • Relationships between data and their metadata should be preserved in a secure and traceable manner . Cyber attacks and other security flaws. “No audit trail”. If a sysadmin doesn’t properly anonymize it, a third party can find the backup using a simple Google search. Basically the Data Integrity Profile defines how the query should behave when the underlying data is changed during query navigation. This is similar to screening input and reading reports. 13. Data integrity is an important aspect to the design of a database that store records of any relational model. For this reason, and many others, only a few trusted employees should have physical access to the server or database. The amount of personal data collected must be limited to what is necessary in order to carry out its purposes. In order table, OrderId is a primary key and CustomerId is a foreign key. Data integrity corresponds to the quality of data in the databases and to the level by which users examine data quality, integrity and reliability. This is especially important in organizations that work with very sensitive data, such as payments, or health data. A cybersecurity audit should analyze: A critical aspect in maintaining data integrity, is to have a method of tracking down the source of the information breach. The most sensitive devices, such as servers, should be isolated in their separate room (with proper ventilation for cooling), locked up and ideally bolted into the floor, ceilings or walls. Once the EU GDPR regulations kick into action, the fines can reach a whopping 4% of a company’s turnover. Data Integrity (DI) is, perhaps, the most important concept in Drug Manufacturing. Data integrity testing verifies that the data in the database is accurate and functions as expected within a given application. Integrity examples include anything that involves information stored in databases and servers. Security audits on the other hand tend to be more in-house affairs, although smaller companies can outsource the task to data integrity specialist. Fortunately, there are a lot of resources to go around when it comes to employee education, such as: For the uninitiated, encryption is the go-to cybersecurity measure, but it is only efficient in certain cases, and comes with a performance cost. Example: Referring id of a table to another table. Data integrity constraints refers to the rules applied to maintain the quality of your data. 5.1 Data Integrity shall be maintained in all manual or system generated electronic data. An attacker then downloads these files, and extracts some of the data on it. Fortunately, constant cleanups of stray data can remove duplicates and ensure access controls are still in place. Common threats that … Domain integrity basically is an acceptable value for a column or entering correct data for particular column. These organizations need to know who, when and how altered a certain piece of information. What security procedures are in place to identify a potential hacking. 4. As most of the current data integrity issues are focused in the QC laboratory there are some examples of this: • In the late 1990s a US facility of Elan Corporation was inspected and when reviewing the 24-hour dissolution testing of extended release formulations the inspector noticed there were a number of test failures due to “air bubbles” between the dissolution apparatus and the UV spectrometer. Lawmakers are catching up with the developments taking place on the Internet, and issuing regulation to protect the data of customers and impose industry-wide best practices. Regulates the interception and tampering of electronic communications. Here’s an in-depth guide on how to install an SSL certificate. A database containing information about suppliers and vendors might have metadata that covers aspects such as: date of last file modification, the author of the modifications and general description of data. Example of data integrity: cannot insert string data in integer column This includes hashed passwords, plaintext emails or other types of user information. Here's 1 month of Thor Foresight Home, on the house! Also, all ports should be sealed or covered. This means it was up to interested parties to prove the organization didn’t properly protect its data. In order table example the customer that has 23 id have ordered computer, cap and jacket so that we can say one customer has many order in order table. • 3 sites in India audited between Nov 2014 and Mar 2015. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. For example, customer information such as credit card details and addresses that an online merchant stores in a server. This can be indicated by the absence of alteration between two instances or between two updates of a data record, meaning data is intact and unchanged. Thanks for this information. The information has been correctly and securely sent from the creator, to the receiver. “Users have full access”. The 5 Principles of Data Integrity – ALCOA [Video] Course Code: ELM-102-01 The enduring assets of a laboratory’s work are the records that document those activities. Physical integrity deals with challenges associated with correctly storing and fetching the data itself. This means the data can be audited and verified, at each point where changes were made, allowing for the bugs, modifications and other alterations to be detected. You will get a deeper understanding what European  inspectors expect from pharmaceutical companies in regard to Data Integrity and how they deal with Data Integrity issues during inspections As electronic data recording and management systems are implemented instead of paper systems, the detectability of data manipulation becomes more complex. 2. So here’s a list of tools that can help clean up duplicate files on hard drive or cloud storage. In a nutshell, an ethical hacker will actively try to hack into your company in order to find vulnerabilities, and see how strong your infrastructure is. 5.3 Any identified data integrity issue shall be handled as per the quality management system and proper corrective and preventive action shall be taken according to risk assessment. Of course, practical limitations such as performance and costs limit this greatly. 3. Security means that the data must be protected from unauthorized operations. Each table should have primary key according to concept of Entity Integrity. If a database supports these features, it is the responsibility of the database to ensure data integrity as well as the consistency model for the data storage and retrieval. In other environments, such as law firms for instance, an audit trail tracks who and when modified or deleted a certain document, as well as the modifications themselves. Definition: Data integrity is the degree in which data sets can remain unaltered after changes or updates have been performed in the database. For example, North Carolina recently fined Adobe for $1 million for a 2013 data breach, while the British ICO charged TalkTalk with $400,000 for leaking data for 150,000 customers. Database is a collection of tables. property of an information to be intact and unaltered in between modifications All data generated or collected must be attributable to the person generating the data. SSL is a must have security feature for any self-respecting website. Even before the GDPR, the EU had a series of directives and regulations aimed at protecting internet user privacy. Buying a second server, and the associated hosting can be one dollar too many for some small businesses. Previous regulations stated that the organization shouldn’t gather an excessive amount of information about the user, but this left plenty of room for interpretation, which the new wording fixes. If yes, we add this product to order_details table for this order and decrement the quantity for … This can be a time consuming affair, especially for smaller companies that don’t have a dedicated IT guy or gal to take the time to sift through all the files. Data that’s accidentally altered during the transfer from one device to another, for example, can be compromised, or even destroyed by hackers. Domain integrity These are credit card details and addresses. Smaller organizations, where space is at a premium and/or cannot afford a dedicated server room, should place the server or database near the watchful eyes of the highest privileged user. This can be recorded manually by initialling and dating a paper record or by audit trail in an electronic system.Note: It is important to ensure a signature log is maintained to identify the signatures, initials and/or aliases of people completing paper records.For example: 1. Human error: When individuals enter information incorrectly, duplicate or delete data, don’t follow the appropriate protocol, or make mistakes during the implementation of procedures meant to safeguard information, data integrity is put in jeopardy. In our Northwind database, when a customer places an order, we first need to check if this is a new customer to our business. These security features are mostly under-the-radar type of security features that most users will perceive as minor annoyances, but offer tangible improvements in user security. It is a concept that measures the accuracy of stored data. The infographic below puts this phenomenon in perspective, by showing how many existent consumers would discontinue a relationship with a breached company, or not enter a relationship with one. Note: 1. Business rules specify conditions and relationships that must always be true or must always be false. The correct answer to the question “how often to backup” is “as frequently as possible”. Suppose SFI is considering increasing its advertising budget, but it's not sure if it should spend more on Facebook or Google. Studies have shown that companies who have been victims of data breaches and hacks suffer significant brand damage and loss of consumer trust. Domain Integrity – The database has pre-set categories and values. By encrypting the information in the database, whoever gets their hands on the files cannot access them without the decryption key. Backing up the data is a must have, and goes a long way to prevent permanent information losses. The best way to check if a company’s data is insecure, is to conduct a penetration test. What are two types of data integrity? Data can be ‘electronic’ or ‘paper based’ or ‘Hybrid’ 2. Here are the most important pieces of US legislation covering data protection: 1. While it doesn’t concern data security per se, it requires the company to limit itself about collecting information it doesn’t actually need. The best way of ensuring data integrity is to have a Closed System, which is defined by 21 CFR Part 11 as limited access to sample data files downloaded from a particle counter to a very small number of senior level employees. The setting can be … A user tries to enter a phone number in the wrong format. In the Internet age, the term data integrity is tightly connected to servers and databases, since this is where most of the world’s information is stored. My content ideas stem from the demand of the community, and the growth of the industry. Written procedures must be followed for chromatography analysis. Do you think there are some other advanced data security best practices we could include or have an interesting story to tell? Data integrity is usually imposed during the database design phase through the use of standard procedures and rules. Data is a strategic corporate asset, and both data quality and data integrity are essential for organizations looking to make data-driven decisions. 4.2 Sufficient training shall be imparted to all concern personnel on data integrity. Summary: Data integrity is all about having accurate data in our database. 35802495 • VESTER FARIMAGSGADE 1 • 3 SAL • 1606 KØBENHAVN V, Cybersecurity: Turning 2020’s challenges into 2021’s opportunities, Block malicious websites and servers from infecting your PC, Auto-update your software and close security gaps, Keep your financial and other confidential details safe. In more advanced setups, the audit trail can also allow to track the exact device and even the location of the transaction. You can use the default parameter settings as a guideline for configuring data encryption and integrity. 3. Ever since the World Wide Web took shape, malicious hackers have sought to make a quick buck by exploiting its software and security vulnerabilities. Well, he can use a free tool that scans a website for files such as docs or PDFs, downloads them, and then reads their metadata. Cybersecurity: Data integrity is a focus in many cybersecurity and data security plans – meaning, as part of your own cybersecurity process, data integrity needs to be built-in. There are numerous signs of hacking, but many of them are silent and easy to miss. Data integrity is a composed set of business rules that ensure the reliability, accessibility, consistency and accuracy of data store in a database. – Rec.39; Art.5(1)(c). The audit log tracks the creation, deletion and modification of each electronic record. The cost of an SSL certificate varies between 30 to 40 dollars, but frequent promotions, especially for new customers, can push the price to as low as $5 or 6$. “No user specific passwords for HPLC systems”. Information is the modern world’s new gold, or oil. Accordingly, DI is amongst the top items cited on Warning Letters. Data integrity e.g Database integrity means the correctness and consistency of data. This exposes a flaw in OpenSSL, and then downgrades the communication between the web server and computer, effectively becoming plaintext. Data integrity verification always falls on their shoulders first, so any security policy has to start with them. There is an assortment of factors that can affect the integrity of the data stored in a database. GDPR however will take things up a notch (or more, depending on who you ask). Unlike the EU, the United States does not have a single overriding legislation covering data integrity and privacy. Another, much more powerful native tool than can help in weeding out stray files is the File Server Resource Manager. Certain controls and requirements should be validated to mitigate any risk for data to be manipulated electronically. Financial Services Modernization Act. Electronic Communications Privacy Act. During any organization’s activity, sensitive data can be duplicated and end up on shared folders, where employees without the required access privilege can see it. 29 Free Mockup and Wireframe Tools for Web Designers in 2021, Best Web Designer: 9 Dumbest Mistakes You Should Not Do While Re Designing your Website, 45 Black Friday Deals For Web Designers, Developers, and Online Entrepreneurs. EASY AND RELIABLE. 63% of data breaches take place because of weak passwords, here’s how to protect company data. For one, credential sharing between employees should be strictly controlled on a need to know basis. 14. Example:  Setting data type of a column or setting range for a column. Referential integrity Implementation. There are three dimensions to data integrity: 1. The data integrity profile provides you with an convenient way to choose a certain behavior without the need to make separate expert settings in the read mode, cache mode, cache usage mode and the InfoProvider grouping. The easy way to protect yourself against malware. In Customer table example, we have four CustomerId, CustomerId _id is a primary key so that each row has unique value by this unique value we can find the customer name and Phone number easily. “Ability to change / delete electronic raw data”. Online merchant store these on a server. Exploits might be possible thanks to bad code, such as buffer overflows. How to Project Manage Your Ecommerce Business? In database theory, data integrity includes three main points: Entity Integrity – Each table needs a unique primary key to distinguish one table from another. A database that utilizes rules such as data integrity; can increase performance, accuracy and stability. A user doesn’t have the privilege access to modify the audit trail. 2. Installing it is also a relatively easy task, but differs depending on the company’s IT setup. An example of a suitable approach is to perform a data integrity risk assessment (DIRA) where the processes that produce data or where data is obtained are mapped out and each of the formats and their controls are identified and the data criticality and inherent risks documented. Secure communication. 5.2 Data should be complete and accurate without any alteration. If you cannot trust the data of the process and its results, then can you really trust anything? If a malicious hacker breached a customer’s bank account, the bank can follow the audit log for the fraudulent bank payment, and then compare it to legitimate payments and flag the operation as a fraud. There’s more than one way information can be corrupted, although the methods can be grouped into two major categories: 2. During a validation exercise… Following figure is an example of Example of data integrity: Entity integrity: Data Integrity Examples. Figure 2: Scope of data integrity. Definition -MHRA Data: Information derived or obtained from raw data, for example a reported analytical result (MHRA, 2015) Data Integrity: The extent to which all data are complete, consistent and accurate throughout the data lifecycle. We then check if we have enough quantity for each product this customer ordered in stock. Fortunately, cheaper dedicated cloud solutions exist such as: Ironically, a malicious hacker can actually breach the website using the backup itself. When laboratory records are used to support a regulatory function, they are considered to be legal documents. Example Data Integrity Warning Letter • FDA Warning Letter issued 5 Nov 2015. 2 Data mapping the changes can aid in determining if the change increases the risk on data integrity. If employees need to share accounts as part of their work duties, consider using password managers. Required fields are marked *. Changes in data lifecycle are inevitable, and when changes are proposed it is important to understand the lifecycle elements for each type of the affected data or record, and ensure controls which are proportionate to data criticality and risk at all stages. Example: In following example I am showing the implementation of data integrity in a database. In other words, there’s not much encryption can do to protect an organization’s data if the attacker hacked into the sysadmin’s account. In addition, verification of audit … ©2014 - 2020 HEIMDAL SECURITY • VAT NO. A few examples include: 1. Prohibits unfair practices, including to offline and online data. Database Integrity. System suitability test must be done by multiple injections of standard solution. Some more examples of where data integrity is at risk: A user tries to enter a date outside an acceptable range. This is called an audit trail, and allows the organization to follow the bread crumbs until they reach they can accurately pin point the source. In Rec.29, 71, 156; Art.5(1)(f), 24(1), 25(1)-(2), 28, 39, 32, the EU GDPR states that the entity responsible with processing the data has also implemented the proper security measures to protect the data. An SSL encrypts the background communicated between a website and the visitor’s device. A malicious hacker can steal data on a server or computer simply sticking a USB stick into it. 3. Even if the data leak does occur, the hacker can glean little to no sensitive information until he decrypts the files. 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Company defines its own policies about salaries, employee numbers, inventory tracking, and extracts of... Customer information such as washing machines have no need for the next time I.! All ports should be preserved in a database that store records of any relational model the best to. A bug in an application attempts to delete the wrong types of entries in database. The fines can reach a whopping 4 % of a table to another table / delete electronic data. Because of weak passwords, plaintext emails or other types of entries in our database demand of industry... Is amongst the top items cited on Warning Letters we will explore these options after taking a look into importance! Raw data ” how altered a certain piece of information good discussion specific passwords for HPLC systems ”,. “ no user specific passwords for HPLC systems ” customer ordered in stock become of. Cope with the amount of information it has to start with them ensure it... Can steal data on a server or database know basis your email address will not published... 'S an example of the exercise is to make data-driven decisions until he decrypts the files not! Of tools that can help clean up cloned files tries to enter phone. Buffer overflows configurations can also allow an attacker to physically access the account altered or modified, and user! Washing machines have no need for the next time I comment dollar too many for small. User specific passwords for HPLC systems ” as part of their work,... Database has pre-set categories and values in the database containing the information for all other.! Legal framework any alteration server Resource manager for each product this customer ordered in stock the important. Using the backup using a foreign key audit trails, etc injections of standard solution and... Be done by multiple injections of standard procedures and rules first, so any security policy to... 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An incredibly complex process, requiring sophisticated science and instrumentation at every step of production and storage Nov 2015 configurations. Or system generated electronic data recording and management systems are implemented instead paper! The receiver key according to concept of primary key means it was to. Spectrum and other analysis related data are FDA requirements cited on Warning Letters to prove the,. The background communicated between a website and the visitor ’ s a list of tools that can help weeding. Suitability test deleted as soon as possible ” user specific passwords for HPLC systems ” tool than can help weeding! Also, all ports should be sealed or covered hacks suffer significant damage... Few important provisions from major data legislations around the world has to start with them change / delete electronic data. To conduct a penetration test between the web server and computer, effectively becoming plaintext as within. 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Is “ as frequently as possible ” the rules applied to maintain data integrity is all about having data! Shall be imparted to all concern personnel on data integrity ; can performance! According to concept of primary key ( 1 ) ( C ) sticking USB. – the database, whoever gets their hands on the interested party flaw in,... Is considering increasing its advertising budget, but without actually revealing the password used to access the account on! Of entries in our database records is insecure, is to data integrity example a penetration test audited between Nov and... That … Basically the data leak does occur, the detectability of data breaches hacks. Relationships that must always be false and data integrity example to miss in servers hasn ’ been... Your email address will not be published a series of directives and regulations aimed at protecting internet user.! Of production and storage Hybrid ’ 2. https: //digitalguardian.com/blog/what-data-integrity-data-protection-101 to meet data integrity e.g database means... Relatively easy task, but many of them are silent and easy to miss important from. Make your Law Firm Discoverable in the database has pre-set categories and values and servers the overall completeness consistency!: a data integrity example tries to enter a date outside an acceptable value for column... Physically access the account, or oil integrity of patients ’ data make it difficult and for. Login information, but it 's not sure if it should spend more on Facebook or Google to is! The sysadmin or a manager poor configurations can also allow to track the exact device and even the location the... The sysadmin or a manager 1 month of Thor Foresight Home, on the interested party can! Emails or other types of user information to use the default parameter settings as a for. Email address will not be published just a few important provisions from major data around! Legislation covering data protection principles if employees need to share accounts as part of a company s. Breach the website using the backup itself organizations looking to make it difficult and uncomfortable for an to... Employees should be sealed or covered one, credential sharing between employees have! Regulations kick into action, the fines can reach a whopping 4 of. On organizations that aren ’ t have the privilege access to the question “ how often to ”... Be ensured customers table ID of a column or entering correct data for particular.. And requirements should be validated to mitigate any risk for data to be vigilant, and provisions! Something is out of place always be false you really trust anything EU had a series directives! And hacks suffer significant brand damage and loss of consumer trust kick into,... Profile defines how the query should behave when the underlying data is a must have security feature for any website! If we have enough quantity for each product this customer to customers table legislation... 4 % of a database that utilizes rules such as performance and costs limit this greatly integrity! Should include who performed an action and when have physical access to modify the audit tracks. The audit trail allows for the consumer ’ s more than one way information be...