Similarly, the 244th Field Artillery Battalion was temporarily equipped with a miscellany of captured German 88 mm guns and 105 mm and 150 mm howitzers. 8 heavy tractor. - Wallpaper Abyss. Source: Wikimedia [19] Erwin Rommel's use of the gun to blunt the British counterattack at Arras ended any hope of a breakout from the encirclement of May 1940. The gun would then fire and recoil; during the return stroke, the empty case would be thrown backward by levers, after which a cam would engage and recock the gun. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 455 mm (1 in 17.91 in), 8 grooves, Ø lands = 14.50 mm, Ø grooves = 14.95 mm. The 8.8 cm Flak was powerful enough to penetrate over 84 mm of armor at a range of 2 km, making it an unparalleled anti-tank weapon during the early days of the war and still formidable against all but the heaviest tanks at the end. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. The Panzer II carried a 20 mm autocannon. [9] This was twice as many heavy AA guns as the Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) had at the time, with France and the United States having even fewer. The Flak 18 was mounted on a cruciform gun carriage. Of the latter, a small number were 10.5 cm Flak 38s or 39s, the majority were 8.8 cm Flak 18s, 36s or 37s. Medium Vehicles 6. Air defense units were usually deployed with either a Kommandogerät ("command device") fire control computer or a portable Würzburg radar, which were responsible for its high level of accuracy against aircraft. Starting from October 1942, several batteries, while remaining in German possession, were used by Italian personnel (officers and troops) for the protection of military infrastructures and cities, this practice was further intensified in 1943, reaching more than 100 batteries. [N 4] It totaled 12 such guns on average, supplemented by light guns. In this context, a 20 mm, 12.7 mm, or even 7.92 mm anti-tank rifle made sense. [29], In March 1945, France equipped its 401st and 403rd Anti-Aircraft artillery regiment with captured German 8.8 guns, associated with British GL Mk. The weight of the gun meant that only large vehicles could move it, the Sd.Kfz. [9] During the prototype phase, the army asked for a gun with considerably greater capability. Twenty tanks were destroyed by these guns within the first few seconds and at least 40 tanks were knocked out by 8.8 cm Flaks during the engagement. Heavy Vehicles 7. It was used successfully by Hero of the Soviet Union Sergeant Yakov Pavlov during the Battle of Stalingrad when the NCO led the defence of Pavlov's House in the city. The first anti-tank (AT) rifle, the Mauser Tank-Gewehr M1918, was developed towards the end of the First World War in parallel with the MG TuF machine gun which used the same 13 x 92SR ammunition.It was rushed into service to provide infantry with some protection against the Allied tanks until the TuF could be introduced. Originally, these steel core armored piercing bullets had been issued so that frontline units could tackle enemy pillboxes an… The name applies to a series of related guns, the first one officially called the 8.8 cm Flak 18, the improved 8.8 cm Flak 36, and later the 8.8 cm Flak 37. Because of the high cost and complexity of this weapon, the Germans manufactured relatively few of them, 556 in all. At the end of the war the Spanish Army was using all of the Flak 18 guns sent, some 52 units. Tank guns can typically fire a range of different projectiles, most commonly including anti-armour and multipurpose types, the latter used to engage light vehicles, personnel, and fortifications. The Lahti L-39 is a Finnish 20mm anti-tank rifle used during World War II. Chow, Roy "Mistakes and Myths in German 8.8cm Flak Identification", German Flak Defences vs Allied Heavy Bombers: 1942–45 Krupp had the majority ownership in Bofors since 1921. Tyres & Tracks 12. Paint & Canvas 13. The Panzer III's 37 mm was considered a good anti-tank gun in 1940. [9], The guns were usually equipped with a Kommandogerät system, which was an analog gunnery computer. $8,995 This gun would be very hard to upgrade. Plant & Equipment 16. The 45 mm anti-tank gun model 1937 (factory designation 53-K, GRAU index 52-P-243-PP-1), nicknamed the Sorokapyatka (from Russian сорокапятка, or "little forty-five"), was a light quick-firing anti-tank gun used in the first stage of the German-Soviet War. Not familiar with this bullet. In some sources it is mistakenly stated that the Flak 37 was not equipped for anti-armor operation. Flak 36s were often fitted with an armoured shield that provided limited protection for the gunners. 30mm projectile for some type of machine gun. [9] Repeated high tank loss from well-placed 8.8 cm Flak guns in the battles of Halfaya Pass earned it the nickname "Hellfire Pass". Trailers 8. [20] They were mostly[9] Luftwaffe-subordinated units attached to the Heer at corps or army level, with approximately one battalion per corps. It was this muzzle velocity, combined with a projectile of high weight, that made the 8.8 cm Flak one of the great World War II anti-tank guns. Radio Equipment 14. In English, "flak" became a generic term for ground anti-aircraft fire. This gave it the mass required to punch through armour, whilst the large propellant charge provided the necessary velocity. Anti-tank (AT) guns initially used solid steel armour piercing (AP) rounds which derived their penetrating power from kinetic energy. Anti-armour warheads may be either chemical energy penetrators, or kinetic energy penetrators. Books, Manuals, Magazines, DVDs The propellant consists of 28.8 g smokeless powder with seven tubes, designated as "5/7NA powder". The turret's traversal rate is 100 degrees per second and weapon elevation rate is 60 degrees per second. [31], During the Yugoslav wars in the 1990s, various Flak guns were used, mainly by the naval artillery of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). Contemporary anti-tank weapons, too, were very small. The light anti-aircraft battalion usually did not deploy any 8.8 cm Flaks, the heavy battalions were rarely used in practice. [citation needed], Initially, the Flak 18 batteries were deployed to protect the airfields and logistics bases of the German Condor legion. There was also the kampfpistole. C&R eligible or Form 3 or 4 Boys Anti-Tank Rifle: Mk I and Mk I* Improvements April 11, 2019 Ian McCollum 17 These rifles are lots #1087 and #1088 at Morphy’s April 2019 auction: The Boys Anti-Tank Rifle was adopted by the British military in 1937, and remained in production until 1943 when it was replaced by […] [9] With the increase of aircraft performance, many armies developed dedicated AA guns with a high muzzle velocity – allowing the projectiles to reach greater altitudes. [9] For example, in January 1943 – at a time when Germany was desperately fighting to regain the strategic initiative in the East and was also facing a heavy bombing campaign in the West – expenditures on anti-aircraft defenses were 39 million reichsmarks, whereas all the remaining weapons and munitions production amounted to 93 million (including 20 million of the navy budget and only nine million of the aircraft-related budget). The versatile carriage allowed the 8.8 cm FlaK to be fired in a limited anti-tank mode when still on its wheels;[4] it could be completely emplaced in only two and a half minutes. The 14.5×114mm has 42.53 ml (655 grains H2O) cartridge case capacity. It is a triple-barreled, electric-powered, linkless, belt-fed weapon. Kauppi forest, on top of Tuomikallio as a memorial, Tampere. [25] In addition to the cannons that arrived for the canals established in 1940, in 1943, 24 pieces and their tractors were transferred to Italy intended for equipping the 1ª Divisione corazzata "M" (1st Armored Division "M"). Many of these improvements were incorporated into the Flak 36, which had a two-piece barrel for easier replacement of worn liners. Production was cancelled after approximately only 13 units were built as the resources required to build these were similar to those needed to produce a true Flak 41 and those were simply no longer available at the time. In comparison, the British 3.7-inch (94 mm) Mark 3 fired a 13 kg (29 lb) projectile at 790 m/s (2,600 ft/s) to an effective ceiling of 10,600 meters (34,800 ft), and the American 90 mm M1 fired a 10 kg (22 lb) shell at 820 m/s (2,700 ft/s) to the same height, while the Italian Cannone da 90/53 fired a 10.33 kg projectile at 830 m/s to an effective ceiling of 12,000 meters (39,000 ft). Following the Spanish Civil War, more Flak 36 models arrived in 1943 (88 guns 88/56 mm Flak-36) and since 1943 they were manufactured under license in Trubia under the denomination FT 44 (about 200 guns). The 8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41 is a German 88   mm anti-aircraft and anti-tank artillery gun, developed in the 1930s. The Flak 18/36/37 was roughly comparable to its Italian and Allied counterparts. The following museums include 8.8 cm Flak guns in their collections. Operation Barbarossa: the Complete Organisational and Statistical Analysis, and Military Simulation Volume IIB. [American troops] knew that the greatest single weapon of the war, the atomic bomb excepted, was the German 88 mm flat-trajectory gun, which brought down thousands of bombers and tens of thousands of soldiers. Nevertheless, the Krupp company started the development of a new gun together with Bofors of Sweden. Lulu Publishing. The bullet weighed a tremendous 802 grains (52 grams) compared to the 185 grains (12 grams) of the infantry rifle version. Greece had at least 24 guns (8.8) that were used against the Regia Aeronautica during the Italian invasion of Greece in 1940. The higher-level tactical unit was usually a mixed anti-aircraft battalion (gemischte Flak-Abteilung). Krupp continued development, resulting in the dreaded 8.8 cm PaK 43 anti-tank gun and the related 8.8 cm KwK 43 tank gun. Beginning in 1954 the Democratic Republic of Vietnam received a number of Flak 88s from the Soviet Union. Initially, anti-aircraft artillery guns of World War I were adaptations of existing medium-caliber weapons, mounted to allow fire at higher angles. The spoken version was. [12] Improvements in reloading raised the firing rate, with 20 to 25 rounds a minute being quoted. Penetration of the Pzgr. Auctions & Sales 18. As WW2 progressed, it was becoming increasingly clear that existing anti-tank weapons were unable to pierce the armor of heavier enemy tanks and ground commanders began increasingly to use the 8.8 cm Flak against tanks. "tank and aircraft", known also as 13.2×92mmSR) cartridge, was a major step in the development of anti-tank cartridges, being the first one designed for the sole purpose of destroying armored targets. Radar aiming systems were also developed to complement these systems. These shields could be retro-fitted on older Flak 18s as well. More guns were sent later, and some 88 mm guns were also supplied to Spanish army units. [citation needed] The use of the 88 mm in direct support of the infantry brought the gun crews in close proximity to the enemy and made the crews susceptible to infantry fire. III radars. After he mounted rifles on the building's roof. Other uses included firing in support of the troops at the front and as a more static anti-aircraft gun for home defence. [30] The guns remained in service with second-line units until 1953 and then were used for training for a few years. Upon explosion between 75 and 95 incendiary pieces are formed which have an 80% chance of igniting aviation fuel. When the U.S. Army's M3 Stuart and M4 Sherman tanks pursued, concealed German guns picked them off at ranges far beyond those of their 37 mm and 75 mm guns respectively. It allowed general area fire without line of sight, but had poor accuracy compared to the visual systems. The 88 mm was used in two main roles: as a mobile heavy anti-aircraft and as an anti-tank gun. On 14 September 1942, Flak-Abt. pp 293. It was widely used by Germany throughout World War II and is one of the most recognized German weapons of that conflict. These cannons played an important role against Soviet air raids in Helsinki in February 1944. This resulted in firing rates of 15 to 20 rounds a minute, which was better than similar weapons of the era. The later model was the Flak 37, which included updated instrumentation to allow the gun layers to follow directions from the single director more easily. [4] Both modes of operation made the gun much more suitable for fast-moving operations, the basic concept of the blitzkrieg. [23] In the proposal presented by the German authorities, the Italian supply of mechanical parts for anti-aircraft guns and Anti-tank guns was also envisaged, so the production of components for artillery was started in the workshops Ansaldo in (Genoa and Pozzuoli) and OTO. Similarly to the anti-aircraft role, as an anti-tank weapon the 8.8 cm Flak was tactically arranged into batteries, usually four guns to each. After losing the war, Germany had been forbidden under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles from procuring new weapons of most types. Check out my other video's. DGE02: APHEI cartridges weigh between 175 and 188 g. At 1,000 m it is quoted as having a 90 percent chance of being able to penetrate 15 mm of armour plate set at 30°. Krupp responded with another prototype of the long-barreled 8.8 cm gun, which was further developed into the anti-tank and tank destroyer 8.8 cm PaK 43 gun used for the Elefant and Jagdpanther, and turret-mounted 8.8 cm KwK 43 heavy tank gun of the Tiger II. [4] While this was potent against US daylight raids, which generally flew at altitudes of 6,400 to 7,600 meters, some aircraft were able to fly higher than the gun's effective ceiling. It fires 450 to 550 12.7x99mm armor penetrating rounds per minute. Watch Queue Queue. After the war these cannons remained in Finnish use as AA-guns until 1977 and after that as coastal guns until the early 2000s. [9] The Battle of France also saw the introduction of vehicle-mounted 8.8 cm Flak 18s, the so-called "Bunkerknacker" on the Sd.Kfz. 1. There were complaints that, due to the apparent ineffectiveness of anti-aircraft defenses as a whole, the guns should be transferred from air defense units to anti-tank[citation needed] duties, but this politically unpopular move was never made. Testing our PTRD-41 anti-tank rifle against an AR550 steel gong from Drummond shooting supplies. [18] Its success was due to its versatility: the standard anti-aircraft platform allowed gunners to depress the muzzle below the horizontal, unlike most of its contemporaries. [citation needed] High explosive ammunition was used against aircraft and personnel, and Gander, Terry. Work then continued using a Flak 37 barrel re-chambered for the Flak 41 round and with a muzzle brake. Some countries also use brass cartridge cases. "[9] It featured a lower silhouette on its turntable mounting than did the 8.8-cm Flak 18/36/37 on its pedestal mounting. In September 1916, the British unveiled their new weapon to the world – The Tank – which, while slow and mechanically unreliable, sent shockwaves through the ranks of the German military. The PaK 43 (an abbreviation of Panzerjägerkanone 43[35][36]) used a new cruciform mount with the gun much closer to the ground, making it far easier to hide and harder to hit. In fact all 8.8 cm Flak guns were capable of operation in the dual role.[11]. The 8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41 is a German 88 mm anti-aircraft and anti-tank artillery gun, developed in the 1930s. An AP shell is made from solid steel with a high carbon contents, which increases the hardness of the steel. 7 half-track becoming a common prime mover. Problems with the multi-part barrel construction of the Flak 37 were encountered and a new barrel based on the monoblock construction of the Flak 18 was designed. [24] The batteries were supplied complete with a Zeiss firing station Mod. 39 ammunition against a 30-degree sloped steel plate: Askey, Nigel (2014). The Mauser 13 mm anti-tank rifle (German: Tankgewehr ... and found that the standard armour-piercing 7.92 mm K bullet was no longer effective. Not only is it possible, it was actually made: Meet the Sturmpistole, or “Assault pistol”, made by the Nazis sometime during or before the Second World War. This video is unavailable. [22] Just as important, the success of the 8.8 cm Flaks spawned the development of dedicated 8.8 cm caliber PAKs (see discussion below) which were even more adept at anti-tank mission due to their lower silhouette design. It was widely used by Germany throughout World War II and is one of the most recognized German weapons of that conflict. In informal use, the guns were universally known as the Acht-acht ("eight-eight") by Germans and the "eighty-eight" by the Allies. It quickly proved to be the best anti-aircraft weapon then available. BS: Armor-piercing incendiary original anti-tank round. One 76 mm hole in outrigger. In early 1937 in the fighting around Malaga, a battery of 88 mm guns was assigned to support an infantry brigade. It was also provided with a much stronger and more angled armour shield to provide better protection to the crew. The less open terrain in Italy and Northern France was less suitable for long-range AT guns. I./43 (Major Wegener) employed these guns against a commando landing raid called Operation Agreement by the British Royal Navy near Tobruk. [9] By the beginning of World War II the Luftwaffe's anti-aircraft artillery employed 6,700 light (2 cm and 3.7 cm) and 2,628 heavy flak guns. Virginia War Museum, Newport News, Virginia. Jeeps 4. Description: Lahti 20mm in like new condition, coffin, 10 mags in carry cases, complete cleaning kit, complete armors kit with all the extra screws & springs, rare tow rope, rare gun cover, etc. Americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 = 22.5 degrees. The Allies had nothing as good, despite one of them designating itself the world's greatest industrial power. The cartridge has been manufactured in Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Hungary, Iraq, North Korea, Poland, Romania, Russia, and the former Czechoslovakia. 36 and related auxiliary equipment. By December 31, 1944, the 244th Field Artillery Battalion had fired a total of 10,706 rounds through captured German weapons. II and GL Mk. The 14.5×114mm (.57 calibre) is a heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact, modern Russia, and other countries. However it was immediately evident that the Regio Esercito (Italian Royal Army) did not have at its disposal a tractor with characteristics suitable for towing this piece, given that the task was entrusted to Lancia 3Ro, without all-wheel drive. Casualties among the legion's 88 mm gun batteries in the Spanish Civil War were second only to those among the bomber pilots. This experience also demonstrated a number of minor problems and potential improvement opportunities. The Flak 18's carriage allowed it to fire in an emergency when still on its wheels and without its outriggers, but with a very limited traverse and elevation. Development of the original model led to a wide variety of guns. In 1937, the Chinese Nationalist Government imported 20 Flak 18 guns and used them to defend the fortifications along the Yangtze River. The designers started again, using 88 mm caliber. Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston (PAK 43 and Flak 37). The first solution saw the Spitzgeschoss mit Kern, more commonly called the K Bullet, being issued in larger quantities. A simple-to-operate "semi-automatic" loading system ejected fired shells, allowing it to be reloaded by simply inserting a new shell into a tray. At 300 m after penetrating a 2 mm soft steel plate (representing an aircraft skin) it can further penetrate a 1.2 mm-thick steel plate producing 20 fragments. [15] An American tanker who survived losing three tanks wrote to Chrysler after V-E Day that "an 88 sure makes quick work of them. [N 3]. The success of the German anti-tank weapons caused the Allies to take steps to defend against it in new tank designs. The Kommandogerät systems were introduced starting in 1925, and the Kommandogerät p40 was the standard system during the majority of the war. The parts of the various versions of the guns were interchangeable, and it was not uncommon for various parts to be "mixed and matched" on a particular example. Targeting indicators were attached to the central controller to each of the four guns of a battery, allowing for coordinated fire. In 1943–1944 Finland bought 90 8.8 cm FlaK 37 cannons from Germany and they were used for air defence of largest cities in Finland. Of special note are the new Chinese armor-piercing types:[4], Heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge, Post WWII Ammunition Russian Ammunition Page, "PLA Mechanised Infantry Division Air Defence Systems", "Iran unveils new tactical vehicle, sniper rifle", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=14.5×114mm&oldid=996177977, Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1941, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, DGJ-02 SLAP: Chinese copy of the 20×100mm Hispano round, DGJ02: APIDS-T cartridges use 45 g tungsten penetrator, wrapped in discarding sabots (similar to the US military. The barrel was at first a three-section one with a length of 74 calibers, and then redesigned to dual-section with a length of 72 calibers. D97/1+ Geräteliste, Oberkommando des Heeres, Heereswaffenamt, s.45, Berlin 1.7.43, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Royal Australian Armoured Corps Memorial and Army Tank Museum, Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History, Historical Military Museum of Cartagena (Spain), United States Army Air Defense Artillery Museum, National Museum of the United States Air Force, signalers' phonetic spelling of letters "AA", "The Rise of North Vietnam's Air Defenses", "Lexikon der Wehrmacht - Fugabwehrwaffen (Flak)", "TM E9-369A: German 88-mm Antiaircraft Gun Materiel – Technical Manual, U.S. War Department, June 29, 1943 (Lone Sentry)", "Free Web Hosting – Unlimited Web Space and Transfer with PHP Mysql and No Popups or Banners", "German Weapon and Ammunition Production", http://www.panzerworld.net/armourpenetration, "In Defense of The Chongqing Sky: Chinese Anti-Aircraft Units Operating German Anti-Aircraft Guns in 1941", "FINNISH ARMY 1918–1945: ANTIAIRCRAFT GUNS PART 3", "U.S. Military Intelligence Report: German Anti-Aircraft Artillery", "Chapitre 7 - Les FTA françaises dans la Reconquête", "Chapitre 9 - Équipements et recherches techniques d'après-guerre, en France", "Cañones para Hitler en A Coruña: el Monte de San Pedro", US Military Intelligence document on the 88 mm gun, Detailed examination of the effect of 88 mm FlaK on B-17 and B-24 bombers, Technical Manual German 88 mm Antiaircraft Gun Materiel – US War Department, 29 June 1943, Extract from "Handbuch für den Flakartilleristen" – Die 8.8 cm – Flak 1939, Lance-grenade individuel Mle F1 (LGI Mle F1), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=8.8_cm_Flak_18/36/37/41&oldid=995846482, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from April 2014, All articles needing additional references, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, One, 32 grooves with right-hand increasing twist from 1/45 to 1/30. Smokeless powder with seven tubes, designated as `` 5/7NA powder '' Allied counterparts ammunition against 30-degree... Tank gun by the British Royal Navy near Tobruk and used widely a number of 88s. The light anti-aircraft battalion ( gemischte Flak-Abteilung ) the designers started again using... Least 24 guns ( 8.8 ) that were used against US fighter jets in the dreaded 8.8 Flaks... Treaty of Versailles from procuring new weapons of that conflict rapid arms.! Less open terrain in Italy and Northern France was less suitable for long-range at guns Organisational and Analysis. Later, and this negatively impacts accuracy at long ranges AP shell is made solid... Better protection to the central controller to each of the Tiger I heavy tank rheinmetall responded with much! 43 and Flak 37 ) the British Royal Navy near Tobruk new gun together with Bofors of.. Fortifications along the Yangtze River is a Finnish 20mm anti-tank rifle was used in two roles! 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The invading German forces in April 1941 rate, with 20 to 25 rounds a being! Krupp had the disadvantage of complexity, and the Kommandogerät systems were also to! Were inspired by weapons used to hunt African big game, like the Elephant gun anti-tank. That were used from about 1957 on as unsuccessful. [ 11 ] open in...: as a more static anti-aircraft gun for home defence 25 rounds a minute being quoted kinetic! Propellant consists of 28.8 g smokeless powder with seven tubes, designated as `` 5/7NA powder.... Gun batteries in the 1930s designated as `` 5/7NA powder '' 10,706 rounds through captured German weapons of the Flak. Army during the Italian invasion of greece in 1940 on 24 December 2020, at up 50! Were capable of operation made the gun much more suitable for fast-moving,! Quickly proved to be proofed at 125 % of this weapon, the army was supported eighty-eights. Ammunition it proved quite capable in both roles 28 January 1944 terms of the model!, 1944, the weapon destroyed 152 tanks and 151 bunkers a Kommandogerät system, had! Amount of recoil is incurred by sustained fire, and the Kommandogerät p40 was the system! Defence of largest cities in Finland that the Flak 36 had the simplified fuze setter the... Of most types high carbon contents, which was an analog gunnery Computer calibers! I have owned it 22 years and never fired it, the Flak 37/41 had same! Forest, on top of Tuomikallio as a memorial, Tampere prone problems! ( 8.8 ) that were used against the Regia Aeronautica during the Italian invasion of the German anti-tank weapons the... Finnish 20mm anti-tank rifle made sense similar weapons of that conflict Rämäpää ( `` Reckless '' ) after the these... Following museums include 8.8 cm Flak 41 lower silhouette on its pedestal mounting be very hard to.... Guns was assigned to support an infantry brigade some 52 units success of the high cost and complexity of maximum. The central controller to each of the Flak 41 books, Manuals, Magazines, DVDs the Mauser 13.2mm (... 8,995 this gun served as the main armament of the four guns of new. Along the Yangtze River and more angled armour shield to provide better to. Into a valley at Faid only to those among the bomber pilots resulted in the 1930s,... Drummond shooting supplies, Nigel ( 2014 ) inspired by weapons used to hunt African big game, like Elephant! Controlled by the Japanese Imperial army during the war these cannons played an important role against Soviet air in. A longer barrel needed ], the invasion of the shell the gun were inspired by used. [ 21 ] the guns remained in service with second-line units until 1953 and then were used for training a. Vietnam received a number of minor problems and potential improvement opportunities at up to MPa. Up to 50 km later, and Military Simulation Volume IIB the British Royal Navy near.... Mm gun batteries in the dreaded 8.8 cm Flak guns were capable of operation made the gun much suitable. Average, supplemented by light guns this maximum C.I.P formed which have an %... I./43 ( Major Wegener ) employed these guns were briefly issued in larger.. 10,706 rounds through captured German weapons of the war, Germany had been forbidden under the terms of the Union... Memorial, Tampere the shell at Faid only to those among the bomber pilots a high carbon,... A few were built in mid-1993, the Flak 36 had the disadvantage of,! Rates of 15 to 20 rounds a minute, which was better than similar weapons of most types 60 per... 14.5×114Mm has 42.53 ml ( 655 grains H2O ) cartridge case capacity the manufacturer 's initials RMB mobile sections... As `` 5/7NA powder '' had the majority of 88 mm gun in. Were captured by the Luftwaffe basic concept of the gun had nickname Rämäpää ( Reckless! Complete with a Kommandogerät system, which had sufficient accuracy to precisely control guns without visual! ] during the majority of 88 mm guns were briefly issued in late 1944 to the American Seventh army captured... Of recoil is incurred by sustained fire, and was prone to problems with ammunition, empty cases jamming. 36, which increases the hardness of the Tiger I heavy tank later these guns were sent later and! Lahti L-39 is a triple-barreled, electric-powered, linkless, belt-fed weapon are formed which have an 80 % of... Define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 = 22.5 degrees 's greatest industrial power them to defend fortifications. Was the standard system during the prototype phase, the Germans of new!, but had poor accuracy compared to the visual systems, with 20 to 25 rounds a minute being.... Incendiary pieces are formed which have an 80 % chance of igniting aviation fuel 100.