Zee is the Executive Editor of The Open Sanctuary Project. Homesteading Ways & Beyond 25,696 views 2:21 How To Make Home Remedies for Dog Ear Infection - Duration: 4:14. Common organisms involved in these issues are E. coli, Enterococcus app., and Streptococcus app. Rain scald is a common skin condition in donkeys and horses. Overload of lush grasses or cereals and fruits, Lameness, especially when a donkey is turning in circles; shifting lameness when standing, Increased digital pulse in the feet (most easily palpable over either sesamoid bone at the level of the fetlock), Pain in the toe region when pressure is applied with hoof testers, Reluctant or hesitant gait (“walking on eggshells”), A “sawhorse stance,” with the front feet stretched out in front to alleviate pressure on the toes and the hind feet positioned under them to support the weight that their front feet cannot, Rings in hoof wall that become wider as they are followed from toe to heel, Widened white line, commonly called “seedy toe,” with occurrence of seromas (blood pockets) and/or abscesses, Dished hooves, which are the result of unequal rates of hoof growth (the heels grow at a faster rate than the rest of the hoof, resulting in an “Aladdin-slipper” appearance). It is important to identify the cause, removing the source of pain where applicable. A cataract is an increased density or opacity of an eye’s lens, reducing the transmission of light to the retina. Vaccinate donkeys routinely based on your veterinarian’s recommendations. You might see a donkey stretch themselves out in a standing position if they are extremely uncomfortable. This is the time to ensure you are checking and feeling every area of the individual’s body, not just those included in this list. Check their head for abscesses, which could be a symptom of Pigeon Fever, which is highly contagious and requires quarantine and intervention. Many donkeys will not drink very cold water; take the chill off the water in cold weather, Consider offering several sources of water, Ensure donkeys cannot access such material, Watch out for donkeys eating their bedding, eg when box-rested under veterinary instruction, Consider changing the bedding to something less palatable, such as wood shavings, Cardboard or paper bedding is not recommended for donkeys, Know about the poisonous plants and trees that could be present at your sanctuary and prevent your residents from accessing them, Check pasture and boundary fences and hedgerows frequently and remove them or fence off the problem area, Fence off trees during fruiting to prevent overeating, Sandy soil: Avoid grazing on sandy soil pasture if possible. It is caused by a bacteria spread by other animals. While they are only likely to cause debilitating symptoms in severe cases, they can certainly cause a lot of discomfort for residents. Ear mites RAPIDLY reproduce and this takes much longer and regular cleaning to even get ear mites under control. Their ears can have a modest amount of earwax or debris in them, but should be clear of any ear mites. Hand walking or otherwise encouraging the donkey to walk is important. Be prepared to check them over every six to eight weeks*! Fever, nasal discharge, and coughing are all symptoms of the disease and can be hard to distinguish from Equine Influenza. There is no vaccination either. As if biting insects weren’t troublesome enough for donkeys, it is possible that donkey residents may have a hypersensitivity or “sweet itch” to insect bites. They are often associated with disorders that disrupt urinary flow. Like most animals, donkeys can become prone to arthritis as they get older. A horse’s poll is the area at the top of the head between the ears and running down the back of the neck. An example of accesses of the internal organs is Strangles, an infection caused by Streptococcus equi that causes abscesses in the lymph nodes below the ear and under the throat, as well as in the internal organs. What Are Ear Mites? Toe abscesses are common, so protect the donkey’s toe region from over wear. A donkey’s rear end under their tail should be relatively clean. Mud fever is a collection of diseases that results in damage to the skin of the lower limbs. Their nose should be soft and moist, and not cracked. If you notice that a donkey is unhealthy, it’s crucial to consult with a veterinarian or compassionate care expert and prioritize accurately diagnosing the problem. Feed good quality forage and donkey specific proprietary foods. Ear mites are dark brownish-red, like blood too. Acquired causes of cataracts can be caused by trauma or ocular disease, UV light, toxin ingestion, and ionizing radiation. After an abscess ruptures, the wound may continue to leak pus and become a chronic sore. If it’s prolapsed, you must consult with a veterinarian. He will be the one to tell you for sure. This species, despite its name, is also responsible for 90% of ear mite infections in cats. Please consider supporting The Open Sanctuary Project by making a donation today! Take your index finger and run it around the inside of the ear and gently scrape then check to see if you can scrape out some mites or maybe even ticks if they are embedded too bad. It’s important to identify the cause before further treatment, as it will alter the course of treatment. Pigeon fever is an infectious disease affecting donkeys and horses. Their rear end shouldn’t have any discharge, excessive accumulations of fecal matter around it, nor should it be crusty or bloody. Ear mites are a type of mite that lives in the ear canal. You can check their digestive system by listening in the space between their final rib and their back leg, though you must take care because if there’s a chance they’re in pain, the donkey may kick at you for trying to get so close! Generally, the examination should begin at their head, working your way back and down. There is a possibility that it can also be spread to canines too. There is also a vaccine available for anthrax. Wet, muddy conditions can exacerbate these issues and is a risk factor. They tend to latch on around the groins, ears, and behind leg joints. It is most commonly spread by animal bites, but can also be spread from contact with the saliva of an infected animal through a break in the skin, or by touching eyes, nose, or mouth after touching saliva. Humans do not serve as suitable hosts for this mite. It can be hard to detect early signs of Hyperlipaemia in donkeys. If a donkey has any open wound and has not been vaccinated for Tetanus, they could become seriously ill or die if that bacteria enters the bloodstream. Once you have the donkey calm and ready, conduct the following observations: Unless you are a qualified veterinarian or have been trained to handle specific conditions, The Open Sanctuary Project strongly advocates that you promptly report any health concerns you find during the course of an exam to your veterinarian or care expert. It is commons to see outbreaks in the late summer and early fall when biting insect populations are at their peak. Ear mites live and burrow in the external ear canals and cause a lot of irritation. Diarrhea is never pleasant and can even be caused by a serious underlying medical disorder. If you suspect an abscess, call a veterinarian to diagnose it. Luckily, there is an annual vaccination that can prevent WNV. How are they holding their head? As a donkey ages, they may not shed their wintertime coats as effectively as it gets warm, and they might need some extra grooming assistance. You shouldn’t typically see much movement in their nose or hear much as they breathe; consistently flared nostrils or any noisy breathing from their nose could indicate breathing or respiratory system trouble. In severe cases, your farrier should work with a veterinarian to make sure that the work does not cause any instability to the hoof. Unfortunately, cataracts are irreversible once formed. If you suspect a donkey is suffering from anthrax, you must contact your veterinarian immediately. Contact your veterinarian if you suspect Pigeon Fever. Treatment involves rest and careful observation to prevent secondary infections. You may want to isolate the donkey depending on the abscess size or location for this time period. Most of the mites that affect the ears of horses belong to the Psoroptes species, a species of mite that feeds on the surface of the skin. (Back to the top). Your vet will look for the hard-to-see small, white critters through a microscope or a magnifying scope that veterinarians and physicians use to look into ears. However, after using for 3 weeks, I still bring crust up and mites from my kittens ears, as well as the brown wax (Back to the top). If it is in fact ear mites. This is not an exhaustive list of everything that can happen to a donkey, but can help you get a sense of what challenges a resident under your care may face in their lifetime. Cloudy, watery, dry, swollen, constantly blinking, or crusty eyes indicates likely illness, injury, or potentially the gradual development of blindness in older donkeys. Low sugar grass hay (NSC content of 12% or less) should be the basis of their diet. They can cause symptoms including pain, loss of appetite, failure to thrive, and colic. The white line area can become crumbly. Hoof avulsions happen when the hoof wall becomes partially or fully detached from the foot. Cataracts may appear as an initial grayness, or bubbles or cracks in the lens. Catego ® is an effective A veterinarian may prescribe pain medicine and give recommendations for trimming the hoof. Common internal parasites donkey residents are susceptible to include: As a preventative measure, you should have a lab perform a fecal test on donkeys every three months to ensure that they are not facing a dangerous parasitic infection and have appropriate treatment policies in place for infected donkeys. They are quite common and can cause severe irritation and itchiness of the ears. (Back to the top), Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis spores, which can lie dormant in soil across the world for many years. Please consider giving us a positive or negative review at the base of this page along with a comment to let us know whether this resource was helpful! Abnormalities should be immediately reported to your veterinarian. Make sure you dispose of any material that comes into contact with them as hazardous material. (Back to the top). Colic refers to the symptom of abdominal pain, rather than a specific disease. There are many factors that might cause ulcers to develop, including age, sex, temperament, exercise intensity, intermittent versus continuous feeding, stall confinement, high concentrate diets, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, parasites (Gasterophilus sp., Habronema muscae), Helicobacter spp., and other bacteria. Mange is treated with Ivermectin (three time each 10 days apart (day o Although sarcoids are benign, they can can grow and become infected. In these cases, improper hoof trimming can also result in overgrown hooves. They can cause inflammation of the brain in both equines and humans. Cataracts may appear as an initial grayness, or bubbles or cracks in the lens. Talk to your veterinarian about the best options for future treatment, as the type of treatment will vary depending on the location, depth, and infection status of the crack. They can cause symptoms including pain, loss of appetite, failure to thrive, and colic. When these tissues lose blood flow,  become inflamed, or break down, the result is a painful condition that can be debilitating and sometimes fatal. See a more detailed explanation here. Healthy donkeys usually survive the infection. While you wait for the veterinarian to arrive, continue monitoring the unwell donkey for further signs of discomfort. Be sure to closely monitor their appetite and communicate with your veterinarian if they are not eating. As a preventative measure, you should have a lab perform a fecal test on donkeys every three months to ensure that they are not facing a dangerous parasitic infection and have appropriate treatment policies in place for infected donkeys. On occasion, a crack may run the full length of the hoof. If you want to ensure early disease recognition, you’ll have to spend a lot of time with the donkeys in your care, so slight changes and symptoms are more apparent to you. Photosensitisation/Sunburn associated with liver disease or certain plants, Immune-mediated disease of the blood vessels, Abscesses, sores, and/or draining pus along the midline. Anthrax can quickly spread to other animals from the infected donkey, including humans. (Back to the top), Because donkeys evolved in arid, inhospitable environments, their bodies are able to thrive on highly fibrous, poor quality food. If a donkey has experienced chronic limb pain while a hoof abscess has been treated, the disuse of the limb may cause the tendon to contract, pulling the pedal bone into a more upright position. You can use a gauze pad to clear out excess earwax or to sample potential ear mites. Contact your veterinarian for the best course of action. Healthy donkeys usually survive the infection. If you take in a donkey with severely overgrown hooves, you should get a radiograph to ascertain whether bone changes have occurred within the hoof. If you suspect a donkey resident may have EMS, call your veterinarian. Obesity-related complications can regularly lead to dangerous conditions in donkeys. (Back to the top). In order to maximize the value of your donkey health examinations, we’ve developed a free printable donkey health exam form for sanctuaries and rescues! There is a distinctive foul odor associated with the infection. It can cause mild symptoms, but can be very serious and cause permanent damage to the nervous system and even death. An excessively runny or blocked nose could be a symptom of allergies, dust irritation, or an upper respiratory infection. Prior to regularly conducting donkey health examinations, you should have a veterinarian or compassionate care expert give you hands-on training in order to be the best donkey health advocate possible. Exposure is necessary to minimize the chance of infection. Diets high in concentrates, fruits, and lush grass can cause issues. The above symptoms could also be signs of pink eye, which is highly contagious. Contact your veterinarian for the best course of action. Dietary management of donkeys is especially important as they are prone to obesity and related disorders. If you believe a resident is facing a health issue, always discuss with a qualified veterinarian as soon as possible. To treat, shave or clip the affected area, apply diluted antiseptic, and leave the afflicted area open to the air to dry. A sick donkey who is isolated from their herd may become more stressed, which could delay recovery. If the club foot is chronic, trim the hoof regularly and keep the foot balanced. A sick, injured, or otherwise distressed donkey may: Avoid contact or appear nervous more often than they used to, Change their daily schedule or general behavior, Have labored breathing, coughing, choking, sneezing or a constantly open mouth, Be immobile, inactive or unresponsive to your approach, Be stretched out or frequently sitting and standing in order to relieve, Avoid or be rejected by the rest of the herd, Have unusual or abnormal droppings including diarrhea, blood in stool, or worms, Be less hungry or thirsty than usual, or drink water excessively, Have an odd posture like hunching over or avoiding putting weight on one of their legs, Have a bulge or non-uniform abdomen or belly (this could indicate a serious parasite infection), Have an internal body temperature not in the range of 97-100 degrees Fahrenheit, Have a heart rate outside of 36-68 resting beats per minute, Have unusual abscesses on their body or in their mouths (potentially signifying a serious infectious condition called Pigeon Fever), Be reluctant or averse to urinating or urinating frequently, In cases of symptoms such as the ones above, it’s especially important to conduct a health examination on the donkey. Infections that cause conjunctivitis can be also known as Pink Eye. Ticks are another parasite affecting donkeys. We have produced a Donkey Care Handbook and a number of fact sheets to answer every question in all areas of donkey care, as well as providing training courses for people who are planning to own or to rehome a pair Their pupils should be about the same size and react properly to bright light (get smaller and then return to normal). They make apply a poultice to draw out the abscess to the surface. Symptoms include less motion, laying down more often, weight loss, shabby coat, strange gait, and swollen joints. It affects the sensitive and insensitive tissues in the foot that support the pedal bone. Just like with humans, this flu is very contagious and spreads rapidly. This will also help you know if you need to isolate the donkey to prevent the herd from becoming infected. Fistulous withers is a condition found in horses and donkeys where the supraspinous bursa (located near the withers) becomes inflamed. So keep a close eye on them! I figured I might as well hit double digits before circling back to update the earlier reviews of COVID-19 in animals. They can be cured with over the counter ear miticides pretty easily and just as well as with what a vet would sell you. Thrush is prevented by keeping a donkey’s feet clean and dry as much as possible. Do not try to return it to the ‘correct’ shape, as this could cause lameness. Healthy donkey poop is greenish to brown, moist, formed in balls with no recognizable piece of food in them that can be easily broken up. Symptoms include less motion, laying down more often, weight loss, shabby coat, strange gait, and swollen joints. This condition can present subtly at first, including behavior changes such as dullness and decreased appetite. A donkey's average life expectancy at the Donkey Sanctuary is 27 years, but donkeys can live to be over 40 years old. Abscesses on their body could be a symptom of Pigeon Fever. Common signs of fistulous withers are swelling, pain, and heat, but can also include fever, lethargy and stiffness. If you take in a donkey with severely overgrown hooves, you should get a radiograph to ascertain whether bone changes have occurred within the hoof. Be sure to wash your hands, clean and disinfect your boots, wear latex or plastic gloves, and change clothes between handling quarantined donkeys and other donkey residents. Depending on the health concern, separating the donkey with a calm companion might be a good compromise. (Back to the top), Like most animals, donkeys can become prone to arthritis as they get older. Abscesses of the hoof are commonly caused by the puncturing of the hoof by something sharp that stays lodged within the hoof. In the meantime, feed only hay grass until your veterinarian advises differently and move the afflicted donkey onto soft ground. If you see any signs indicating Hyperlipaemia, contact your veterinarian immediately. Confirmations of anthrax must be reported to government officials. (Back to the top). Isolate any sick donkeys or horses. (Back to the top). Some cataracts are congenital, while others are acquired. Antibiotics are also often given to help prevent additional infections. There are a number of internal parasites that can affect a donkey’s quality of life, and unfortunately a number of internal parasites that are resistant to common treatments. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a neurological condition affecting donkeys and other equines. If it is treated very early on with antibiotics, it is possible for donkeys to survive. The most common ear mite of cats is Otodectes cynotis, and therefore an infestation with ear mites is sometimes called "otodectic mange." Some mange mites prefer the ear area, fetlocks, pasterns, between the legs, or elsewhere on the body.A specific type of mite called Chorioptes causes chorioptic mange, also known in horses as leg mange, as it's seen in draft and draft-cross horses with long feathering on their legs. Although it may be difficult to see them, lice are visible. The treatment used is a drug called Pergolide. Often conjunctivitis is caused by an irritant in the eye, such as dust, flies, or a foreign body. Check their udders and ensure that they are not hot, swollen, painful, or tough, which can be a symptom of Mastitis and requires treatment. If that happens, it may cause pain or infections. These tiny parasites feed off skin oils and ear wax, which explains why they take up residence in the ear. Donkeys are trickle feeders, meaning they need small amounts of food often. Feeding donkeys a couple large meals a day may increase the likelihood of them developing ulcers. Their gums should not be red, very dark, or muddy looking, and there should not be any sores, abscesses, or scabs in their mouth, which could be caused by parasites, flies, or by grazing on poisonous plants. In these instances, you will need to weigh what is in the best interest of all of your residents. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. These progress to white or grey opacity, preventing light from being reflected from the retina. It could also develop into a more serious respiratory disorder if left untreated. (Back to the top). If you’re particularly concerned by a dropping, you can bring it into your veterinarian for analysis, though you should consider fecal testing healthy-seeming donkeys at a regular interval to check for internal parasites. The mites tend to become immobile with their While the virus triggers an immune response, it is not effective in eliminating the infection. The healing donkey should be kept on clean, dry ground until fully recovered. Hand walking or otherwise encouraging the donkey to walk is important. Arthritis can also be caused by injury, infection, malnutrition, and a lack of space to move freely. Tetanus can be prevented by annual vaccinations. The “stoic” nature of a donkey may mean the only signs of colic you observe are “dullness” and an unwillingness to eat. They should not be much warmer than the rest of their body. You may also observe swelling, heat, and pain at the coronary band if there is an infection. If you have any questions or requests for us, we're always here for you. If a donkey is mature and has gained a large amount of weight in a short time, it’s critical to ensure that you aren’t overfeeding them, especially with alfalfa, treats, and snacks. It’s important to be familiar with the behaviors of each resident donkey so you can quickly notice when something doesn’t seem right. There are several species of mites that affect donkeys, Signs of mite infestations are severe itching, possibly causing the donkey to rub against objects, stamp their feet, or bite at themselves. It’s important to check a donkey’s joints in their legs and shoulders for swelling or tenderness. Ensure the donkey receives plenty of fluids and call a veterinarian in order to diagnose and administer proper treatment to the donkey resident. Dog ear mites are a lot more common than many of us think, but not all pet owners can recognize them. Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both testes fails to descend from the abdomen into the scrotal sac. Pergolide may interfere with a donkey’s appetite in the first few weeks. It is similar to the condition in horses but the distribution of common causes and signs can be somewhat different. If you are in a particularly cold area, you should ensure that their ears are not excessively cold or even potentially frostbitten, and consider offering some sort of cold weather ear protection. (Back to the top). It’s important to keep regular measurements or estimates of a donkey’s weight. Cystitis or urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in equines. Close daily observation can be difficult with certain individuals or groups who come from challenging backgrounds. They should be able to put their full weight on their feet and they shouldn’t limp. Steroid treatment can help alleviate itching and inflammation. If the bursa is un-ruptured and not draining, treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents is recommended. There is no vaccination either. If a donkey has lost a lot of weight, this could indicate a sickness, malnutrition, worms, or other parasites. Be sure to change diets gradually, as immediate changes can cause other health issues to arise. If a donkey has recurrent infections and parasites, you should consider calling your veterinarian. Excessively sticky, yellow, or odorous earwax needs addressing. (Back to the top). we’ve developed a free printable donkey health exam form, Techniques And Practices Necessary For Responsible Donkey Care. Since ear mites can be hard to see and may not be the only reason for inflammation or damage to a cat's ear, it's best to have your cat checked out by a veterinarian for a professional diagnosis. The white line area can become crumbly. Lungworm (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi): Lungworms can be present in large numbers in the donkey without the animal showing any signs. If your horse has a large number of aggressive ear mites, then you can always tackle this by replacing the flea solution with a deworming product that contains ivermectin. Laminitis may develop gradually, with the only sign being laminitis rings on the hooves, or it could be associated with seasonal turnout to pasture, and present as severe recurrent painful laminitis. Now take a look in their mouth. Unfortunately, cataracts are irreversible once formed. Horses and donkeys may be infested by two species of lice, Haematopinus asini, the horse bloodsucking louse, and Damalinia equi, the horse biting louse.D equi is also called Werneckiella equi and was formerly known as Bovicola equi, Trichodectes equi, and T parumpilosus.. Common organisms involved in these issues are. Be sure to check for these three parasites every time you conduct a donkey health checkup! (Back to the top). I forgot to say that she is going to do chemical dips on the donkey to treat the mites per veterinary recommendations, but we are worried about reinfestation if we don't get rid of them in his stall. Gross! While Thrush rarely cause any major health problems, you will want to treat the condition by cleaning the infected hoof with treated solution. (Back to the top). Definitely get advice from a veterinarian on the best course of action and in the meantime, try to leave them them alone. Join our mailing list to receive the latest resources from The Open Sanctuary Project! Both testicles should be located within the scrotum when the male foal is born, although some surgeons advise waiting at least 18 months prior to cryptorchid surgery to allow ample time for the cryptorchid testicle to descend. The disease originated in the western United States, but has since spread through the rest of the country, and even some parts of Mexico. Sorry for the second post. It is important to treat the underlying conditions and associated symptoms. A breathing-impaired donkey might have a particularly serious respiratory system infection. It is more common in wet environments. Ensure that they don’t have any mites, lice, tapeworms, or other parasites. See a more detailed explanation here. However, corticosteroids are likely to worsen the symptoms. Challenging backgrounds may include individuals who are not socialized, have lived feral, or were abused or malnourished. In the event that you do not have access to a veterinarian, lancing an abscess is a relatively simple process. Your veterinarian may recommend treating the donkey with an antibiotic. In addition to a low carb and sugar diet, donkeys with EMS will need daily exercise. You can start by applying a poultice – heated, moist cloth to the site of the abscess. Hyperlipemia results from a negative energy balance when fat reserves are mobilized and sent to the liver to be converted to glucose for energy. Amber is the Research Specialist of the Open Sanctuary Project. This may heal over, leaving a scab, or it may continue to drain for many days. You might see a donkey stretch themselves out in a standing position if they are extremely uncomfortable. Because donkeys evolved in arid, inhospitable environments, their bodies are able to thrive on highly fibrous, poor quality food. To administer, dilute the apple cider vinegar with some water, just a small capful to about twice as much water, and pour directly into the ear. If a donkey has particularly bad breath, it could be symptomatic of an infection and require deeper examination. If a donkey has experienced chronic limb pain while a hoof abscess has been treated, the disuse of the limb may cause the tendon to contract, pulling the pedal bone into a more upright position. Their ears can have a modest amount of earwax or debris in them, but should be clear of any ear mites. Sometimes hospitalization and/or surgery may be required. It is therefore important to pay close attention, and alert a veterinarian early to any abnormal signs. The donkey has the longest ears, while the mule seems to be about midway between the donkey and the horse. A donkey should have bright, clean, alert eyes. As such, they have different nutrient requirements with significantly lower energy and protein needs when compared with horses. However, if they are showing signs of laminitis, only exercise them on the advice of your veterinarian. Check around a donkey’s entire body to ensure healthy skin. Ensure that they don’t have any mites, lice, tapeworms, or other parasites. (Back to the top), Gastric ulcers are lesions on the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus. As a result, there can be a number of causes. It is therefore important to pay close attention, and alert a veterinarian, Age and Sex: Older jennies (female donkeys) are more at-risk, Stress, such as from concurrent diseases & surgery, Mucous-covered dung or reduced dung production. 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